体制改革条件下铁路货物运价市场化相关策略研究1.doc

摘要 铁路作为一种重要的现代交通运输方式，对于促进我国国民经济与社会发展发挥了重要的作用。铁路货运价格关系到铁路运输企业的收益，是其经济活动的生命线；同时，也是影响货主运输需求产生以及运输方式选择决策的重要因素。面对货物运输市场上的激烈竞争，铁路货运部门要积极展开行动，寻找对策，才能处于不败之地。 通过分析我国现行铁路货运运价形成机制的弊端，提出建立与市场经济体制相适应、面向市场竞争的运价形成机制的建议。总结学习我国公路货物运输、航空货物运输的改革经验，提出有利于我国铁路货物运输改革的建议。 今年，我国正式撤销铁道部，实行铁路政企分开，成立国家铁路局和中国铁路公司。在体制改革的条件，本文研究了铁路货物运价改革的必要性和可行性，分析了铁路货物运价体系的现状和基本特点。根据经济学弹性理论，提出了运输价格调整过程中的调价方向、调价幅度的确定方法，包括运输需求变动对运价的影响和运量对货物运价的影响。并通过现实的案例，确定最优货物运价对铁路收益和扩大市场占有率的影响。 关键词：铁路；货物运输；运价改革；弹性理论ABSTRACT As an important means of modern transportation，the railway is Playing an important role in promoting the economic and social development of China. The price of rail freight transportation is directly related to the income of railway transport enterprises. It is also an important factor which affects the demand for freight transportation and decision-making of transport options. Faced with the high competitive pressures on the cargo market, the branch of railway freight transportation must take commence action and seek countermeasures to be in an invincible position. Through the analysis of the shortcomings of the current railway freight rate formation mechanism, Proposed to adapt themselves to market economy system、Facing the competition in the market price formation mechanism is suggested. Study summary our country road cargo transport, air transport of goods of reform experience, Suggestions for the reform of Chinas railway transport of goods. This year, Our country official close to the ministry of railways, A railway to separate government functions from enterprise management, National railway administration and railway company in China. Under the condition of system reform, This paper studies the necessity and feasibility of the reform of railway cargo freight, Analyzed the status quo of railway goods freight system and the basic characteristics. According to elastic theory in economics, Transport pricing in the process of price adjustment direction is proposed, the determination of pricing method, Incl