操作系统复习纲.docVIP

Chapter 1 概念（列表） 对比性的要关注 = 1 \* GB3 ①Job/CPU schedule JOB schedule:choose a job among several ones ready to be brought into memory CPU schedule:choose a job among several ones ready to run(into cpu) = 2 \* GB3 ②Process virtual system = 3 \* GB3 ③Symmetric multiprocessing(SMP)/ Asymmetric multiprocessing Symmetric:Each processor runs identical copy of the operating system. Asymmetric:Each processor is assigned a specific task;master processor schedules and allocated work to slave processors = 4 \* GB3 ④ Desktop System（个人计算机系统） User convenience and responsiveness Parallel Systems【多处理器系统（并行系统或紧耦合系统）】 More than one CPU , share memory and clock ,communicate through shared memory. Advantages:increased throughput,economical,increased reliability. Distributed Systems（分布式系统） Distribute the computation among several physical processors, own local memory,communicate through communication lines. Advantages:resources sharing ,computation speed up, reliability ,communication. Requires network,maybe c-s structure Clustered Systems（集群系统） Share storage,provide high reliability Asymmetric clustering:one runs while others standby Symmetric clustering:all runs application Real-Time Systems（实时系统（软/硬）） Hard real-time:secondary storage limited Soft real-time:priority Handheld Systems（手持系统） Cell phone,limited memory,slow process,small screen = 5 \* GB3 ⑤Interrupt（中断） transfers control to the interrupt service through interrupt vector save the address of interrupted instruction disabled interrupt occur when a interrupt is processing = 6 \* GB3 ⑥Cache Faster storage = 7 \* GB3 ⑦Process（进程） Process:A program loaded into memory and executing is commonly referred to as a process A program in execution = 8 \* GB3 ⑧System calls Provide the interface between a running program and operating system = 9 \* GB3 ⑨单核/微核 虚拟机（知道） Chapter 2 一、 = 1 \* GB3 ①进程 进程与线程的区别和联系 进程状态（图） New : the process is being created Running : instructions are being executed Waiting : the process is waitin