澳洲大学石油工程讲座17-5560-valves.ppt

VALVES Location and Selection Valves control and regulate flow Needed to isolate and protect equipment in emergencies Represent 8% new plant capital and 10% maintenance costs Selection Decide if the application needs a stop or a throttling valve Select specific type from one of above two classes Stop valves are rule rather than exception on process lines. Common choices in refinery use are: gate (75%); plug (10%); ball (2-3%); check valves (1%); slide, piston, etc. Throttling valves that control flow include globe, angle, needle, butterfly, diaphragm, etc. Codes Simplify Selection ANSI B16.5 used in all API valve standards for 150-2500 psi API Standard 600 covers flanged and butt-welded forged and cast steel gate and plug valves used in refineries These two codes cover 95% of typical hydrocarbon processing applications ANSI 600 class is NOT required for a 600 psi at 500?F application: An ANSI 300 carbon-steel valve will meet code ANSI “Code for Pressure Piping” B31 also includes valves: B31.3 “Petroleum Refinery Piping”, B31.4 “Liquid Petroleum Transportation Piping”, and B31.8 “Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping” are especially relevant Other references: ANSI B16.33. Small manually operated metallic gas valves, sizes ?” to 2” in gas distribution. Systems whose maximum allowable operating pressure does not exceed 60 psig or 125 psig ANSI B16.34. Steel valves API 6D. Specification for pipeline valves API 593. Ductile iron plug valves (flanged ends) API 594. Wafer-type check valves API 595. Cast-iron gate valves (flanged ends) API 597. Steel venturi gate valves (flanged or butt-welding ends) API 599. Steel plug valves (flanged or butt-welding ends) API 600 Steel gate valves (flanged or butt-welding ends) API 602. Carbon steel gate valves for refinery use (compact) API 603. 150 lb., light-wall, corrosion-resistant gate valve for refinery use (1/2” to 12”, inclusive) API 604. Flanged nodular iron gate and plug valves for refinery API 609. Butte