英语语法句型构.pptVIP

;句型---按照英语中的动词的类型(五种，即：不及物动词、系动词、单宾动词、双宾动词和复合动词)可以把英语句型划分为五种基本的句型。 一、 1.主语+不及物动词 (SV句型)=主谓结构：本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。 如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 谓语可有修饰语-状语。 They had to travel by air or boat.;2.主语+系动词+主补(SVC句型）=主系表结构：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。 系动词有: 1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand; 3.表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; eg: Our English teacher is thirty years old. The cake tastes delicious. The potatoes went bad in the fields. Deep water stays still. She is in good health. ;3.主语 + 动词 + 宾语 (SVO句型) =主谓宾结构:本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。 如： 1. Tom has made a mistake. 2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They haven’t decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. ;4.主语 + 双宾动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(SVOO句型) =双宾语结构：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。 如:介词to或for. He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有： (需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等 (需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。 ;5.主语 + 复合动词 + 宾语 + 宾补(SVOC句型) 复合宾语结构: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语补足语用来补充和说明宾语的性质和特点。 可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。 如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. They made Tom monitor. He used to do his homework with his radio on. My mother asked me to clean my room. The teacher made all students finish their homework on time. 用 it 做形式宾语，即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。 如： I found it very pleasant to be with your family. ;6.There be 句型： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。 它其实是全倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等，但一般不用have。 如:There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town. Be 与其后的主语在人称和