【2017年整理】ling与uisticspragmatics.pptVIP

;Teaching Aims;Questions;Introduction Definitions: Pragmatics is the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. It studies the following topics: deixis (指示功能), speech acts, indirect language, conversation, politeness, cross-cultural communication, and presupposition预设 Pragmatics is the study of speaker meaning, contextual meaning, how more gets communicated than is said, the expression of relative distance. ;;;The origin Semantics Context considered Context unconsidered Pragmatics Traditional semantics ;Semantics or Pragmatics;Context语境 ;;Sentence and utterance句子意义和话语意义 ;Example: A suggestion Today is Sunday. Demand Request … ;Questions;Speech act theory;Austin’s three speech acts: Traditional philosopher’s view: true value, state a fact or describe a state of affairs Austin’s “constatives” (述事话语)言有所述and “performatives” (行事话语)言有所为 (Austin’s classical examples: assuring marriage, naming, bequeathing and betting) Three speech acts: locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary (Example: You have left the door wide open.);Definitions of the three speech acts:言内行为（locutionary act） 、言外行为(illocutionary act)和言后行为(perlocutionary act)。 Locutionary act: act of uttering words, phrases, clauses Illocutionary act: the act of expressing the speaker’s intention Perlocutionary act: the act performed by or resulting fro saying something, the consequence of the utterance;Searle’s classification of speech acts;Directives: Trying to get hearer to do something. Inviting, suggesting, requesting, advising, warning, threatening, ordering are the typical ones. 指令类: 指令类的言外之的是说话人通过说话使听话人去做某件事,如： Open the window! You’d better go to the clinic. Your money or your life! Would you like to go to the picn