【2017年整理】Spec与ifyingXMLDatawithIntegrityConstraints.ppt

May 9, 2001 Tutorial Specifying XML Data with Integrity Constraints Wenfei Fan Bell Labs and Temple University Outline XML, Web data and database techniques XML specifications: types and constraints XML constraints: absolute/relative keys and foreign keys Analysis of XML constraints: consistency and implication Research issues Area references: A Web odyssey: From Codd to XML, V. Vianu, PODS 2001. /~wfan/PODS2001/proceedings.html Constraints for semistructured data and XML, P. Buneman, W. Fan, J. Simeon and S. Weinstein, SIGMOD Record 30(1), March 2001. /~fan/papers/xml/survey.ps.gz Part 1. XML: a brief introduction What is wrong with HTML? HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is good for presentation, but does not help information extraction by programs. h3 George Bush /h3 b Taking Eng 055 /b br em GPA: 1.5 /em br h3 Eng 055 /h3 b Spelling /b HTML tags: predefined and fixed describing display format rather than the structure of data eXtensible Markup Language XML tags: user-defined, arbitrarily nested describing the structure of the data rather than display student id = “123” name firstName George /firstName lastName Bush /lastName /name taking Eng 055 /taking GPA 1.5 /GPA /student course cno = “Eng 055” title Spelling /title /course XML basics Element: the segment between a start tag and a corresponding end tag, e.g., student, name. Subelement: relation between an element and its component elements, e.g., name to student. Attribute: marked text within a start tag, e.g., id. Text: the single basic type (PCDATA), e.g., “Bush”. XML elements are ordered, whereas attributes are not. student id = “123” name firstName George /firstName lastName Bush /lastName /name taking Eng 055 /taking GPA 1.5 /GPA /student The XML tree model An XML document is typically modeled as a node-labeled tree. Element node: internal, with a name (tag)