【2017年整理】化工与专业英语作业翻译.docVIP

专业英语课后作业翻译 Lesson 4 Introdution Organic Chemistry(p59) 有机化学简介 In summary, the following four steps are required in order to completely indentify any organic compound isolated for the first time from a natural source or produced for the first time in the laboratory: 总而言之，为了能完全区别那些第一次从自然资源中分离或是从实验室中生产出来的有机化合物，以下四个步骤是必须的： ( 1 ) Isolation of the compound from the mixture of organic or inorganic compounds among which it may be found , followed by application of appropriate criteria of purity. ( 1 )从被发现的有机或无机化合物中分离出来的物质，运用适当的标准检验其纯度。 ( 2 ) Establishment of its empirical and molecular formulas by use of appropriate methods of qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, and molecular weight determination. ( 2 )使用适当的定性、定量分析法和测定分子量来确立实验式。 ( 3 ) Proposal of a structural formula as the result of appropriate chemical and physical examination of the compound. ( 3 )通过对化合物进行适当的物理和化学测定，从而提出分子的结构式。 ( 4 ) Synthesis of the compound by an unambiguous method as confirmation of the proposed structural formula. ( 4 )用清晰的方法合成化合物来验证所提出的结构式 Lesson 11 macromolecules(P91)大分子 Historical Background 历史背景： It would not be appropriate to complete a study of the subject of organic chemistry without including an introduction to the chemistry of macromolecules, and their preparation and properties . Macromolecules ,as the name implies, are molecules much larger than the simple ,small molecules that the subject of organic chemistry has dealt with thus far. The term high polymer is also used to identify these large molecules .High polymers are materials possessing an average molecular weight above 10000. 在不包括大分子化学及其制备和性质的情况下，去完成有机化学这一学科的学习是不恰当的。大分子，顾名思义，它的分子比目前为止已在有机化学中所涉及的那些简单小分子要大得多。另一术语高聚物也用于表示大分子。高聚物就是这样一些平均分子量大10000的材料。 Organic chemists are inclined to refer to certain structures as “dimers” “trimers ” “tetramers”,etc. The rapid development of the plastics, rubber,and synthetic fiber industries during the past several decades has created such a demen for chemists t