【2017年整理】基础与微生物学课件33.pptVIP

二、酶合成的调节;组成酶（固有酶）：不依赖底物或底物结构类似物的存在而合成的酶。如：EMP途径的一些酶。 诱导酶：依赖于底物或底物结构类似物的存在而合成的酶。如：乳糖酶。 ;2.阻遏（repression）：;（二）酶合成调节的机制;Structure of a typical operon ;一些重要术语;正调节：转录过程依赖于调节蛋白的存在。 负调节：转录过程不依赖于调节蛋白的存在。;E.coli 乳糖操纵子学说(负调节）;The enzymes that are required for lactose degradation:;酶合成的诱导Enzyme Induction： ;Lac R = Regulatory gene (also known as Lac I) gene that encodes for the lac Repressor protein that is concerned with regulating the synthesis of the structural genes in the operon. Lac I is adjacent to the Promoter site of the operon. An active repressor binds to a specific nucleotide sequence in the operator region and thereby blocks binding of RNAp to the promoter to initiate transcription. The lac repressor is inactivated by lactose, and is active in the absence of lactose. O = Operator specific nucleotide sequence on DNA to which an active Repressor binds. P = Promoter specific nucleotide sequence on DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription. (The promoter site of the lac operon is further divided into two regions, an upstream region called the CAP site, and a downstream region consisting of the RNAp interaction site. The CAP site is involved in catabolite repression of the lac operon.). If the Repressor protein binds to the operator, RNAp is prevented from binding with the promoter and initiating transcription. Under these conditions the enzymes concerned with lactose utilization are not synthesized. Lac Z, Y and A = Structural Genes in the lac operon. Lac Z encodes for Beta-galactosidase; Lac Y encodes the lactose permease; Lac A encodes a transacetylase whose function is not known. lac = lactose the inducer molecule. When lactose binds to the Repressor protein, the Repressor is inactivated; the operon is derepressed; the transcription of the genes for lactose utilization occurs.? ;Figure 8. Enzyme Induction. Induction (or derepression) of the lac operon is a form of negative control because the effect of the regulatory protein (Active repressor)