浅谈在英语学习中非谓语动词的用法(延东东).docVIP

浅谈在英语学习中非谓语动词的用法 陕西定边第二中学 延东东 非谓语动词,也就是不可用来做句子谓语的动词。以do为例，其形式为：to do，doing和done三种形式。在英语学习中，这既是一个重点，也是一个难点。很多情况下，学习者用起来很迷惘，不知是用to do, doing还是done的形式。下面我将简要谈一下其用法和大家共商。 一、“to do”的用法。在英语语法中，“to do”形式称为动词不定式，通常由不定式符号to+动词原形构成。但有时候在某些搭配中不能带to，要省去它，我们称之为不带to的动词不定式。 1、不定式“to do”在句子中作主语。这时习惯上往往用it 来代替它，作形式主语，将此不定式置于句后。 eg (1) It is difficult for us to write an article within 2 hours. (2) It is wrong of him to look down upon women. 2、不定式“to do”在句中作宾语 eg.(1) I want to play basketball this afternoon. (2) We decided to buy that house. 3、不定式“to do”在句中作宾语的补足语。 eg.(1) He always asks me to do something for him. (2) I will not let my children be treated in that way. 注意：不定式作使意动词或者是感官动词的宾语补足语时，要省去“to”。 4、不定式“to do”在句中作后置定语 eg.(1) There is really nothing to fear. (2) He was the last guest to arrive. (3)Mary needs a friend to play with. 5、不定式在句中作状语（表目的、结果等） eg(1) He is too young to carry the box. (2)He works very hard to make more money 6、不定式“to do”在句中作表语 eg.(1) The problem is how to get there. (2) What I can do is to give him a little money. 二、“doing”的用法 这里所讲的动词-ing形式，包括传统语法中所指的“现在分词”和“动名词”，其构成一般是在动词后直接加“ing”，如：play-playing.若此动词是以不发音字母“e”结尾的，应先去掉“e”，再加“ing”，如：write—writing.若此动词是以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写这个字母，再加“ing”，如“put—putting. 1、“doing”在句中作主语 eg.(1) Doing sports is good for your health. (2) Helping others is helping yourself. 2、“doing”在句中作宾语 eg.(1) They stopped watching TV at 9:30 (2) She went on reading. 3、“doing”在句中作宾语补足语 eg.(1) I saw him chatting with his English teacher just now. (2) I don’t mind him buying another one. 4、“doing”在句中作定语 eg.(1) The doctor being sent for from the city is a famous one. (2) Tom has a sleeping bag. We can borrow it from him. 5、“doing”在句中作状语。（表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随状况等） eg.(1) Hearing the news, they set off the station at once. (2) Not knowing he would come, we did not make any preparation. (3) Standing on the church tower, the whole village could be seen. (4) Riding a bike or riding a car, you must follow the traffic rules.