【2017年整理】现代与英语词汇学概论5WordmeaningandSemanticFeatures.ppt

现代英语词汇学概论;Chapter 5;Chapter 5;5.1 The relationship between the sound-symbol and its sense;How are the sound and meaning of words related? ;Conventionality;Motivation;Phonetic motivation: pronunciation suggests the meaning, including echoic words or onomatopoeic words E.g. woof-woof the woof-woof of a dog miaow the miaow of a cat roar the roar of a lion bang the bang of a door;Morphological motivation: there is a direct connection between the morphemic structure of the word and its meaning. E.g. anticancer kilogram good-looking daydream;Semantic motivation: The figurative meaning can be understood by those who know the literal meaning. E.g. a stony heart the leg of a table ;What is the relationship between the sound-symbol and its sense?;5.2 Types of Word Meaning;Types of Word Meaning;A. Grammatical meaning;A. Grammatical meaning;B. Lexical meaning;B. Lexical meaning;two levels of connotation Connotations pertaining to individuals based on personal experience e.g. father Connotations pertaining to a group e.g. communist, road, Uncle Sam ;B. Lexical meaning;B. Lexical meaning;Types of Word Meaning;5.3 Componential Analysis and Semantic Features;Man Man: [+Hunan +Adult +Male] Child Child: [+Human -Adult +Male] Cow Cow: [+Bovine +Adult -Male] Lamb Lamb: [+Ovine -Adult +Male] Boar Boar: [+Porcine +Adult -Male];Semantic features (语义特征) [Male] [Adult] [Human] [Bovine] [Ovine] [Porcine] componential analysis A process of breaking down the sense of a word into its minimal components (semantic features). How to do a componential analysis on the basis of semantic contrast;Advantages of componential analysis Enable us to have an exact knowledge of the conceptual meaning of a word Help us to choose the right word or collocation e.g. Five students elapsed. Five years elapsed. Elapse: vi. fml. (of time) pass by;The committee has anticipated the problems that _____ in the road construction project. (2007 TEM4) A. arise B