【2017年整理】英语与写作分类手法classification.ppt

Writing Presentation From: 朱美硕 Methods of organization: Exemplification -------- P1 Process Analysis -------- P26 Cause-Effect Analysis -- P51 Comparison/Contrast --- P77 Classification ---------- P100 Definition ------- P127 Analogy ------- P149 Definition What is definition? Definition is the explanation of the meaning of a word or concept. Definition is also a method of developing an essay. Standard/Formal definition: It gives a brief, explicit, precise, and objective dictionary meaning of a term. Such a definition consists of three parts: The term itself ; The class to which the term belongs ; The characteristics that distinguish the term from all others in its class . Examples: Connotative/Personal definition: It explains what you mean by a certain term or concept that could have different meanings for others. Examples: Extended definition: It is an essay-length piece of writing using this method of development. What is definition used for? How to write an extended definition? Give a standard definition or a brief explanation of the term in the introduction. Make this definition precise, objective and to the point. Develop the definition using facts and personal experience, or using other patterns of development. Include sufficient distinguishing characteristics and supporting details. Patterns of development: Facts and personal experience; Narrative the history of the term; Describe what the term stands for; Analyze how the item the term stands for works– its process; Compare or contrast the term to similar terms; Classify a term or divide it into its parts; Examine the causes or effects of the term; Explain what the term is not (using negation). Exercise Find out what method is used to expand the definition． Courage is the willingness to take a risk when the outcome is uncertain，and when the risk taken may involve harm，loss，or danger to the one taking it．For example，in a Los Angele