【2017年整理】高中与英语语法复习之复合句.doc

高复合句专项 1.定语从句 一.定义： 1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。二.关系代词引导的定语从句 . who指人，在从句中做主语Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，可省略。Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。. which指物，做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?. whose通常指人，也可指物，做定语I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用结构来代替 The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 This is the watch which/that I am looking for. 2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose The man with whom you talked is my friend.3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词 There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况 ?1．当先行词是some (something 除外)anything, everything, nothing,/ few, little,/all, none, 等代词时，或者是由some, any, every, no, few, little,/ all, much /the very, the only，one of等修饰时 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing. 2.? 当先行词被序数词修饰? The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3.? 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰This is the best film that I have seen. 4.?? 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 5. 当先行词既有人，也有物时Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? 6.? 在There be句型中 7. 先行词在主句中做表语，或关系代词在从句中做表语。 五．只用which，不用that的情况： 关系代词前有介词，先行词指物时只用which。This is the college in which I am studying. 引导非限制性定语从句时只用which。Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the wor