医学原虫学(国外英文资料).docVIP

医学原虫学(国外英文资料) Medical parasitology Introduction to medical protozoa Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes belonging to the Protozoa (Subkingdom). The whole organism of a protozoan is composed of only one cell, but it can perform all the functions of life, such as feeding, metabolism, respiration, excretion, movement and reproduction. In nature, there are a great variety of protozoa, about 65000 species, most of which live in self or saprophytic lives. They are widely distributed in various ecological environments on the earths surface, such as ocean, soil, water or decaying substance. Parasitic protozoa about 10 million species, living in animals or body surface. Among them, there are about 40 species of medical protozoa, which are pathogenic or non pathogenic protozoa parasitic in the lumen, body fluid, tissues or cells of human body. Pathogenic protozoa cause serious harm to human health and animal husbandry. [form] Protozoan species are spherical, oval or irregular in shape. The structure of protozoa is composed of three parts: cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. The 1. cell membrane is also called pellicle (membrane) or plasma membrane (plasmalemma). Under electron microscope, the cell membrane is composed of one layer or more than one unit membrane. Its molecular structure can be explained by liquid mosaic model (fluid, mosaic, model). That is, the membrane of the parasite is similar to that of other biological membranes. It is a lipid bilayer with a novel, mobile and asymmetric structure. The protein and lipid bilayer binds to polysaccharide molecules to form cells (cell, coat) or sugar calyx (glycocalyx). Because the protein molecules in the membrane contain ligands (ligand), receptors (receptor), enzymes, and other antigens, it is the site of direct contact between parasitic protozoa and their host cells and their parasitic environment. The biological functions of the membrane, such as nutrition, excretion, movement, sensation and invasion, as well as evasio