生化问答题(国外英文资料).doc

生化问答题(国外英文资料) 1. what are the differences between glucose gluconeogenesis and glycolysis? (1): glycolysis of glucose (Glucose) phosphorylation form 6 - phosphate glucose -G6P (2) - phosphate 6 phosphorylation of fructose 1,6 phosphate fructose -FBP (3) phosphoenolpyruvate p 2 transfer to the ADP formation of ATP and pyruvate for gluconeogenesis (1), phosphate, oxaloacetic acid, pyruvate enol pyruvic acid, pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase catalyzed by (2) 1,6- two phosphate fructose to fructose 6- diphosphate fructose two, phosphatase catalytic | (3) glucose 6- phosphate, glucose, glucose 6 phosphatase catalytic 2. which enzymes in the gluconeogenesis pathway can overcome the three steps barrier of glycolysis? Pyruvate carboxylase Phosphohexoisomerase glucose 6- phosphatase gluconeogenesis and glycolysis is basically is a reversible reaction but there are 3 steps is irreversible, in gluconeogenesis. Be replaced by the addition of enzyme and reaction. This is the three step reaction: the conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate, is composed of 2 reactions, respectively by the enzyme pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase catalysis; II 1, 6- diphosphate fructose 6- phosphate into fructose by Phosphohexoisomerase; 3 6- glucose phosphate hydrolysis into glucose. Catalyzed by glucose -6- phosphatase. 3.. The relationship between anaerobic glycolysis, aerobic oxidation, and pentose phosphate bypass, three pathways of glucose metabolism 1. glycolysis under anoxic conditions. Glycolysis, also known as anaerobic respiration. In anoxic conditions, the process of producing lactic acid by glucose is called glycolysis. The site of glycolysis: cytoplasm. The first stage: a molecule of glucose that decomposes into 2 molecules of pyruvate; the second stage, from pyruvate to lactic acid. It is broken down from glucose to pyruvate, called glycolysis. The raw material of glycolysis: glucose. The product of glycolysis: 2 pyruvate (lactic acid) + 2