第七章 维生素--王镜岩《生物化学》第三版笔记(完美打印版)文库(国外英文资料).docVIP

第七章 维生素--王镜岩《生物化学》第三版笔记(完美打印版)文库(国外英文资料) Section 1 A, definitions, Vitamins are a number of biological small molecular nutrients essential to the body. In 1894, the Dutch Ejkman beriberi observed with white rice chicken, then polish Funk, nitrogen compounds were found in rice bran to this disease have a good curative effect, named vitamine, meaning must be for life. It turns out that not all vitamins are amine, so the end of the word, e, becomes a Vitamin. Vitamins have the following characteristics: They are small molecules of different structures; There are few requirements; The body cannot be synthesized or synthesized, and must be ingested directly or indirectly from food. The main function is to participate in the synthesis of active substances (enzymes or hormones) without energy and structure. Water-soluble vitamins are often used as a coenzyme precursor, carrier role, molecular composition of fat-soluble vitamins to participate in some activity, such as the VA rhodopsin, VD constitutes a hormone regulating metabolism of calcium phosphate. Second, the classification of The structure of vitamin is very different, it is commonly divided into fat soluble and water soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins do not dissolve in water, dissolve in organic solvents, coexist with lipid in food, and absorb with lipid. Easy to excrete, easy to accumulate in the body (mainly in the liver). Vitamins A (A1, A2), D (D2, D3), E (alpha, beta, gamma, delta), K (K1, K2, K3), etc. Water soluble vitamin is soluble in water, easy to absorb, can be excreted with urine, general not in the body accumulates, easy lack. These include B vitamins and vitamin C. Three, named Vitamins are small molecules, but they are complex and are generally not named after the chemical system. Early in order to find the order and the name of the source, such as vitamin A, vitamin AB2, etc. It is also named anti-a-vitamin based on its function, such as anti-dry eye disease vitamin (VA), and anti-rickets (VD). Later,