考研强化翻译模拟题(学生用).docVIP

考研英语翻译（一） 第一部分：强化练习 Unit 1 Genius is something that is difficult to measure quantitatively since it is a unique quality, although most of us can recognize genius when we see it or hear it. 1. By contrast, intelligence is possibly easier to quantify and like genius is a polygenic（多基因的）character that can be molded by the environment. Intelligence is a quantitative trait, which does have a genetic component, but we should not assume that it has a single dimension of expression. 2. There are several limitations in measuring intelligence by a linear scale from dull to bright, since individuals differ greatly in their genotypes（基因类型）. Any number of gene combination may predispose an individual to musical genius, or to painting. The possession of any one of these abilities may not be associated with another. Moreover, the same genotype may be expressed in markedly different ways in markedly different environments. 3. For example, intelligence quotient (IQ) test scores vary considerably with illness and disease, educational, social and economic levels—even the skin color of the examiner conducting the IQ test may have a significant effect! There is also difficulty in deciding what intelligence should be applied to. Is it the ability to learn? Consequently comparisons between an IQ test given to a university student and to an aborigine in Australia will give meaningless results, since the test is most likely to measure the same behavior. 4. Not only are the genotype and the environments of these two individuals totally different, but their motivation for achievement in particular activities will be different. 5. If some races or social groups in the human population can be shown to be inferior in intelligence, it opens up the possibility that some politicians could bring in legislation or policies to suppress or even eliminate such races or groups in the population. History certainly shows that this suggestion is quite likely when ruthless individuals are in positions of pow