英语中的句子成分.doc

要求能正确判断句子的类型、分析句子结构、结合语境和句意选择适当的连接词语、判断主语和从句的正确语序、恰当选择主句和从句谓语动词的时态。He hit me in the face. → he是主语，hit是谓语，me是宾语 He is a happy boy.→ happy是定语 I found nobody was there when I got home. →When i got home是时间状语 I found him dead. → dead是宾补 He was found dead.→ dead做主补 I am happy. →am是系动词，happy是表语。 英语句结构 对简单句、并列句和复合句的考查主要包括：句子的结构、连词的选择、从句与主句的谓语动词的时态、主语和从句的语序、一些习惯用语和特殊的句式应用。简单句：简单句只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语。 英语基本句型-1 主系表结构：本结构是由“主语+系动词+表语”组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。 系动词有: 1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand; 3.表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; eg: Our English teacher is thirty years old. The cake tastes delicious. The potatoes went bad in the fields. Deep water stays still. He was at work. She is in good health. It is beyond my ability. I was at a loss. You are under arrest. 英语基本句型-2 主谓结构：本结构是由“主语加不及物的谓语动词”构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。 ：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。 : 1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. They had to travel by air or boat. 3. She sat there alone. 4. He came back when we were eating. 5. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake。 英语基本句型-3 主谓宾结构:本结构是由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语”构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。 ：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They haven’t decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 英语基本句型-4 双宾语结构：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。： He brings me cookies every day. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等； （需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。 英语基本句型-5 复合宾语结构: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语补足语用来补充和说明宾语的性质和特点，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。 如： The sun