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第六讲:介词
一. 介词的语法意义
介词是表示名词(或名词性结构的词)和句中其他词之间关系的一类词,一般置于名词之前 。
分类:
表示地点、表示时间、表示原因/ 目的、表示所属或伴随、表示方法/手段
二.介词详解
1. 表示时间的介词
(1) at 用于表示钟点、一天中的某个时间点(如正午、拂晓、日落、那时)、某段时间、(节假日)期间或某些词组中。
如:at six o’clock; at noon; at daybreak; at night;at the weekend;at Christmas;
at Easter;at war;at risk;at the beginning of at the meeting; at the end of;
at the age of
(2). on用于表示星期、日期或具体的上午/下午/晚上等。
如:
on May 1;on Monday; on Christmas Eve;on a cold night;on July 7, 2010 ;
on weekends;on Sunday afternoon ;on the morning of October 10 ;
(3) in用在世纪、年份、季节、月份、上午/下午/晚上等词前。
如:
in 2011;in spring ;in January ;in the afternoon;in the daytime;
in a day(=during a day);in summertime;in the twenty-first century
(4) in表示“在……之后”,后面接时间段,用于将来时态;after后接时间段时则用于一般过去时,其后接时间点时可用于将来时 。
如:
We are going to Beijing in two weeks. We’ll meet after 7:00.
He went to America in 2003, and he came back after one year.
(5) by表示“在……之前、到……时为止”,表示时间上的界限,常与完成时连用。
如:Can you finish the work by tomorrow?
By the time this letter reaches you I will have left the country.
How many English words had you learned by the end of last term?
He ought to have arrived by now/this time.
注意:主句动词为be动词时一般不用完成时。
如:By this time next week we shall be in New York.
By the time we got home we were tired and hungry.
(6) from常与to或till连用,构成from…to/till…词组,意为“从……到……”,表示时间上的起始与终了。
如:The sports meeting will be held from May 5 to May 8 at school.
What were you doing from nine to/till eleven yesterday morning?
(7) during意为“在……期间”,表示某一特定的时间段或某段时间中的一个时间点。
如:
时间段:
He remains hidden during the day.
He slept calmly during the early part of the night.
某段时间中的一个时间点:
His father was killed during the war.
I woke up many times during the night.
The phone rang during the meal.
I mentioned the subject during our discussions.
(8) until/till意为“直到”,表示动作延续到某一时间,如果其前的谓语动词是非延续性动词,则用否定式;如果是延续性动词,则肯定式或否定式均可。
如:The shops open till nine oclock on Fridays.
She didn’t go to bed until she finished her homework.
I’ll wait until he comes back.
It was not until 1972
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