高中-定语从句的梳理和总结.docVIP

定语从句 一．概念： 定语的作用：说明名词的特点和状态，对名词进行修饰或限定。如： a (bright) room a girl (in red) the neighbor (next to me) 这些是由一个词或一个词组修饰或限定一个名词，充当名词的定语。也可以由一个句子修饰或限定一个名词说明名词，充当名词的定语。 充当名词的定语的句子称为————定语从句。 定语从句所修饰或限定的名词称为————先行词 二．定语从句的结构：先行词+关系代词/关系副词+从句 象任何一种从句一样，定语从句也必须有一个引导词来引领整个从句。 定语从句的引导词称为————关系词。关系词分为性质不同的两类—————关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词在从句中起名词的作用，充当主语，宾语。（特殊：whose充当定语，as可充当表语。） 关系副词在从句中起副词的作用，充当状语（时间，地点，原因，方式等） 关系词 与先行词关系 与从句的关系 例句 关 系 代 词 Who 指代人 主语 宾语（可省略） This is the girl who lives next door. They chose a person who they wanted. Whom 指代人 宾语（可省略） This is the girl whom I teach. Which 指代物 主语 宾语（可省略） He told me a story, （which）is very interesting. This is the pen which I am looking for. He told me a story which/that is very interesting. This is the girl who/ that I teach. Whose 既可之人也可指物 定语 This is the house whose window broke last night. This is the scientist whose achievements are well known. As 主语 宾语 表语 We have found such materials as war used in their factory. He is not the same man as he was. As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 关 系 副 词 When 时间 When =表示时间的介词（如：in,at ,during等）+whichI still remember the day when(on which) I first came to Beijing. Where 地点 Where=表示地点的介词（如：in,at,on,under等）+whichCan you tell me the office where(in which) he works? Why 原因 Why =表示原因的介词（如：for）+whichDo you know the reason why he is absent? 三、对名词进行修饰或限定的定语从句称为限制性定语从句。 如果名词是确定的人或事物，从句只起到对名词的情况进行补充说明的作用，这类定语从句称为非限制性定语从句。 非限制性定语从句，需用逗号与主句隔开。 非限制性定语从句关系词不能用that，关系词不能省略。先行词是事物，须用which. 先行词是人物，作主语须用who; 作宾语须用whom.（不可用who） His mother ,who loved him very much, died in an accident. We will put off the outing until next week, when we won’t be so busy. 非限制性定语从句还可以对前面的整个主句进行补充说明. He gave me some advice as well as some money, which is very kind of him. 四、定语从句考查热点 （一）关系代词“that”和”which”的区别 只用that 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no ,some, few等修饰时 先行词有最高级形容词和序数词修饰时 先行词既指人又指物时 先行