消费者行为理.pptVIP

挺腑稽夯霄账颗拼慈顶柑十铬稗寅聂承搅品堪肮军砧趁院莽咏赘喀漳众溜消费者行为理消费者行为理;消费者行为理论;总效用和边际效用;消费者偏好;价格消费线;总效用;TU;边际效用递减规律;消费者均衡;消费者均衡条件的数学表达;需求曲线;消费者剩余;拍卖会：张雨生绝版原声碟 四个竞买者：赵、钱、孙、李;消费者偏好;无差异曲线;在偏好既定的条件下，能够使得消费者得到同样 满足程度的两种物品的各种不同数量组合的点的轨迹; There is a bundle which we say bundle b is exactly as good as bundle a for the consumer.Suppose that the consumer is indifferent between bundle a and b .We know that a bundle such as b exists because we have assumed that preferences are continuous.Let us find all the bundles in the space that are exactly as good as bundle a.The line drawn through all these bundles is called an indifference curve because it represents a locus of bundles that all exactly as good as each other in the eyes of the consumer.A diagram on which indifference levels curves are depicted is call an indifference map . ;Y;Y; In the diagram ,this decrease in good y and increase in good x moves the consumer from bundle a to bundle b .If we let ⊿y be amount of good y take away from the consumer and ⊿x be the amount of good x required to compensate her for that loss ,the is the measure of what economist call the marginal rate of substitution of y for x. The marginal rate of substitution is the ratio in which the consumer ,at a particular point on the indifference map,would be willing to exchange one good for another –the rate of exchange that would just maintain the consumer’s original utility level . ;维持消费者效用水平不变的前提下， 随着一种商品消费数量的连续增加， 消费者为了得到每一单位这种商品 所需要放弃的另一种商品的消费数量是递减的; The set of consumption bundles available for the consumers to consume is bounded from below by the physical reality that it is not possible to consume negative quantities of any goods.The set is bounded from above by the economic reality that it may be impossible to consume certain bundles because they may require either more time or (when markets exist and people can earn income)more money than the consumer have .Which bundle w