英语语法之宾从句.docVIP

宾语从句 一、宾语从句的定义 在句中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。 引导宾语从句的连接词： 连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词：who, whom，whose, what ,which，whatever，whichever，whoever等 副词：when ,where, how, why 等。 宾语从句分三类：动词的宾语从句；介词的宾语从句；形容词的宾语从句。 动词的宾语从句：作动词的宾语 大多数及物动词可以带宾语从句，有些动词短语也可以带宾语从句。 　　 I heard that he would come here later on. （2）介词的宾语从句：作介词的宾语 一般情况下，介词后只用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。 　　He　said　nothing about who broke the window last night. （3）形容词的宾语从句：作形容词的宾语 在afraid，certain，glad，happy，pleased，sure，surprise，satisfied，sorry等表示感情的形容词后可接宾语从句。 I’m sorry you are having trouble in making friends. 二、宾语从句中引导词（ HYPERLINK /view/721761.htm \t _blank 连接词）的用法　 1.that，if/whether引导 that，whether，if引导宾语从句时都只起连接作用，不作句子成分。That无意义且可省略，而whether/if意为“是否”，故不可省略。 He told me that he would go to the college the next year. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 2.连接代词引导 当连接代词who, whom，whose, what ,which，whatever，whichever，whoever等引导宾语从句时，可以在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。每个连词都有自己特定的意义，一般不能省略。 The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 3.连接副词引导 当连接副词when，where，why，how，however等引导宾语从句时，可以在从句中充当状语，表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。每个副词都有自己特定的意义，一般不能省略。有时how many和how much也可以引导宾语从句。 He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 三.宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。 即使主句为疑问句语序，从句也用陈述句语序。 I don’t know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when the train will leave? 四.宾语从句的时态 1.主句是一般现在时或将来时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well. I hope you will find these ideas useful. 2.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time. 3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. 五、宾语从句的否定转移 1.当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否