高考复习专题之状语从句.docVIP

高考语法复习专题之状语从句 1. 定义： 在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。 2. 状语从句一般分为九大类 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句 考点一 时间状语从句 时间状语从句通常有连词when, as, while, before, after, since, till/ until, as soon as等引导。 引导时间状语从句的还有其他连词，如the moment/the minute/ the instant, immediately/ directly/ instantly, whenever, the first time, every time, by the time, next time, hardly… when…, no sooner… than…等。 （一）when, while, as 1.when 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。 When he knocked at the door, I was sleeping. [名师指津]　when还可表原因，意为“既然”。 It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.(2012·江西七校联考) 2．while引导时间状语从句，意为“与……同时，在……期间”，从句必须是延续性动词或状态动词, 侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比 。 Father was cleaning the car while I was doing my homework. 3．as引导时间状语从句，意为“正当；一边……一边……；随着”等意思，表示两个动作交替进行或同时发生。 As she sang, tears ran down her cheeks. 4．如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词，表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while, as 可以互换。 When/ While / As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine. (二) as soon as, immediately/directly/instantly, the moment/the minute/the instant和once这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。 ________________________（我一听到那个声音）, I knew father was coming. The boy burst into tears ___________________________ (一见到他妈妈). [注意]　no sooner ...than ..., hardly/scarcely ...when ...(一…就)的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。 He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.(2011·辽宁高考) ＝ No sooner ______________ his speech than the students started cheering. 英译汉 1. They phoned immediately they reached home. _________________________ 2. No sooner had she seen Tom than she smiled. _______________________ 3. I want to see her the moment she arrived. ___________________________ (三) the first time/ every time/ next time/ last time/ any time这些名词短语引导的时间状语从句，表示“第一次/每次/ 下一次/上次/任何时候…。 ________________________（