司法视角下的正义、公正和公平.docVIP

司法视角下的正义、公正和公平 　　佚名 　　摘要：十五大、十六大报告连续提到司法改革，并相继出现了公正、正义和公平三个概念。可见司法改革势在必行，且公正、正义和公平应该成为司法改革的目标和准则。在司法领域，正义就是公正和公平。公正和公平作为正义的两个方面各有侧重。公正强调形式，是对法官和程序的要求;公平强调实质，其对象是诉讼两造。当前的司法改革应遵循一定的原则，也就是要符合公正和公平的具体要求。在公正方面对法官而言是法官独立、法官中立、法官权威和司法约束，对程序而言是重视程序、司法公开、实行对抗制等内容;公平又反映在诉讼双方权利对等、有效参与原则和效率原则三个方面。这些具体要求是公正和公平的细化，但又将作为抽象原则指导着司法具体制度和程序的设计和完善。 　　关键词：正义 司法改革 公正 公平 　　Abstract: 15th and 16th NCCPC (National Congress of the Communist Party of China) continuously referred to judicial reformation, and came up with impartiality, justice and fairness. We can see that judicial reformation is inevitable and impartiality, justice and fairness should be the aims and standards of judicial reformation. In juridical area, justice is impartiality and fairness. But as two sides of justice impartiality and fairness have their own characters. Impartiality emphasizes on modal, and is the request to judge and process. Fairness stresses on essence and its aims are the concerned. Now the judicial reformation must follow some principles. In the other words, we must fit some specific requests of impartiality and fairness. On impartiality to judge they’re judge independence, judge neutrality, judge authority and judicial restrain, and to process they’re procedure, judicial avowal and antagonism. Fairness is reflected by equal right, effectively participate and efficiency. These requests are specifies to impartiality and fairness. At the same time they serve as the principles of the judicial reformation that should help design and improve our concrete regime and process. 　　Keywords: Justice, Judicial reformation, Impartiality, Fairness 　　引 言 　　“我国在建立一种合理的司法制度乃至整个法律制度上面临着十分特殊的困难。这种困难不完全在于从立法上确立一套所谓’现代型’体制，还在于附着于体制之中的具体的、甚至相当细琐的小制度是否也能够得到确立，在于操作这种大体制与小制度的人们的观念是否适应体制与制度的要求。本世纪以来，我们在体制构建方面一直不落人后的，但是抽象的大体制禁不住与之背离的小制度的掣肘和抵消，加之一些配套概念未能确立，于是出现了种种实践上的缺陷，造成了设计者的美好构想不能兑现于制度运作的实际。久而久之，人们便不可避免地对法律制度有效调整社会生活的可能性发生怀疑，甚至对法治或依法治国本身的信念发生动摇。”[1] 　　司法改革的必要性不言而喻，它接连成为党的十五大、十六大报告的组成部分。继十五大提出公正，十六大报告又进一步提出公平和正义。至此，正义、公正和公平三个概念都正式