scala指导译稿.docVIP

A Scala Tutorial for Java programmers Version 1.3 March 15, 2009 Michel Schinz, Philipp Haller Translated to Simplified Chinese by Bearice PRO G R A M M I N G ME T H O D S L A B O R ATO RY EPFL SW I T Z E R L A N D 2 1 Introduction简介 This document gives a quick introduction to the Scala language and compiler. It is intended for people who already have some programming experience and want an overview of what they can do with Scala. A basic knowledge of object-oriented programming, especially in Java, is assumed. 本文仅在对Scala语言和其编译器进行简要介绍。本文的目的读者是那些已经具有一定编程经验，而想尝试一下Scala语言的人们。要阅读本文，你应当具有基础的面向对象编程的概念，尤其是Java语言的。 2 A first example 第一个例子 As a first example, we will use the standard Hello worldprogram. It is not very fasci- nating but makes it easy to demonstrate the use of the Scala tools without knowing too much about the language. Here is how it looks: 作为学习Scala的第一部，我们将首先写一个标准的HelloWorld，这个虽然不是很有趣，但是它可以是你对Scala有一个最直观的认识而不需要太多关于这个语言的知识。我们的Hello world看起来像这样： objectHelloWorld { defmain(args: Array[String]) { println(”Hello, world!”) } } The structure of this program should be familiar to Java programmers: it consists of one method called main which takes the command line arguments, an array of strings, as parameter; the body of this method consists of a single call to the pre- defined method println with the friendly greeting as argument. The main method does not return a value (it is a procedure method). Therefore, it is not necessary to declare a return type. 程序的结构对Java程序员来说可能很令人怀念：它由一个main函数来接受命令行参数，也就是一个String数组。这个函数的唯一一行代码把我们的问候语传递给了一个叫println的预定义函数。main函数不返回值（所以它是一个procedure method）。所以，也不需要声明返回类型。 What is less familiar to Java programmers is the objectdeclaration containing the main method. Such a declaration introduces what is commonly known as a single- ton object, that is a class with a single instance. The declaration above thus declares both a class called HelloWorld and an instance of that class, also called HelloWorld.