1. 免疫学概论.pptVIP

* * Effectiveness of Vaccines for Some Common Infectious Diseases Disease Maximum Number Number of Cases Percentage Change of Cases (year) in 2009 Diphtheria 206,939 (1921) 0 -100.0 Measles 894,134 (1941) 61 -99.99 Mumps 152,209 (1968) 982 -99.35 Pertussis 265,269 (1934) 13,506 -94.72 Polio (paralytic) 21,269 (1952) 0 -100.0 Rubella 57,686 (1969) 4 -99.99 Tetanus 1,560 (1923) 14 -99.10 Haemophilus influenzae type B ～20,000 (1984) 25 -99.88 Hepatitis B 26,611 (1985) 3,020 -87.66 * * 克隆选择学说 (clonal selection theory) The clonal selection hypothesis. Each antigen (X or Y) selects a preexisting clone of specific lymphocytes and stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of that clone. The diagram shows only B lymphocytes giving rise to antibody-secreting effector cells, but the same principle applies to T lymphocytes. * * * 钟石根 免疫学与病原生物学教研室 Address: 8-305 Tel: Email: shigenzhong@ QQ: 2579834472 * 医学免疫学简介 免疫学发展简史 免疫学发展的趋势（自学） * 医学免疫学(Medical Immunology)是一门研究人体免疫系统结构和功能，免疫相关疾病的发生机制以及免疫学诊断和防治手段的生物科学。 * 免疫 (immunity)一词源于拉丁文immunitas，其原意是免除税赋和徭役 免除瘟疫（传染病）。 免疫的现代概念：是机体识别和排除抗原性异物，维持机体内环境稳定和生理平衡的功能。 一、免疫系统的基本功能 * * * 免疫系统的三大功能 免疫防御 （immune