理智能导热系数测试仪测控系统的设计.doc

摘 要 导热系数是表征物质热传导性质的物理量，材料结构的变化与所含杂质的不同对导热系数值都有明显的影响。导热系数作为衡量建筑材料保温性能，表征料传热能力的重要指标一直为人们所重视，材料的导热系数经常需要由实验具体测定，目前大多使用电位差计和电流计来人工测定计算导热系数，其缺点是自动化程度低、通用性差、调节过程复杂、测试结果容易受到人为因素的影响。 随着我国经济和科学技术的发展，新产品、新材料不断涌现，工业、农业、建筑、地质、等部门对新产品、新材料的导热系数测量越来越多，精度要求也越来越高，面对科研、生产的高要求，用微机和智能控制方法构成的一种新型的数字测控系统十分必要，智能导热系数的测控系统提高了保温材料特性测试的自动化和智能水平，同时提高了测量的效率和测试的精度，减轻了人员的劳动强度。 本次设计的任务是智能导热系数测试仪测控系统的设计。本测控系统主要功能是通过加热模块对被测保温（绝热）材料的两侧进行加温。当两侧温度达到稳定时，形成稳定的温差。该温差形成一个稳定的热流通过被测材料。根据此温差和材料的几何尺寸等参数和计算公式就可计算得出该材料的导热系数。 因此，本设计任务主要包括：材料两侧的温度测量、温度控制、稳温状态的判定和导热系数的计算、被测材料几何参数的输入、导热系数结果的显示等。通过任务分析、方案比较确定和电路设计，较好的实现了导热系数测试仪测控系统的设计任务。 关键词：微型处理器，导热系数，智能，温度控制，功率驱动 Abstract The coefficient of transmitting heat is described as a physics context which tokens the heat conduction character of material. The coefficient value of transmitting heat is strongly affected by the changing of material construction and the different impurity which the material contains. The coefficient of transmitting heat, as the important index which measures the heat preservation function of the building materials and tokens the transmitting heat ability which the material has, is paid more attentions all the time. The coefficient of transmitting heat of the material is always requested to be measured in experiment. Nowadays the electric potential difference counts and the galvanometer are used to measure the coefficient of transmitting heat in most case, which exists some shortcomings: the low automation degree , the bad performance in general use, the complicacy regulate process ,the measure results are easily influenced by artificial factors. Along with the development of the economy and science technique in our country, there present a lot of new products and new materials. In the industrial agricultural department, and building departments, more and more measurements are needed to obtain the coefficient of transmitting heat of the new product, the measuring accuracy is requested to be higher. In the face of the requirement for scientif