不定式与从句的转换.docVIP

一、动词不定式是一个仅仅含有动词原形和附加成分（宾语、表语）以及连带成分（状语）的短语，转换为从句时主要围绕动词做文章。既然不定式变成谓语动词，以下几点必需要考虑： 1. 在原句中找出不定式的逻辑主语，使其成为转换成句子后的主语； 2. 确定不定式所表达的时态或情态，把转换后的谓语动词变成相应的时态（将来、一般、完成或进行），有时候还有必要另加情态动词 can/could, may/might； 3. 确定原不定式在句子中所充当的成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语），然后加上必要的关连词改为相应的从句。 二、与转换有关的不定式的相关知识 A. 不定式的逻辑主语有下列几种情况 1. 句子的主语就是不定式的逻辑主语，如： He helped to build a reservoir. You mustcome to see me on Sunday. What have I done to make you so angry? 2. 不定式的逻辑主语是相邻的名词 Its kind of you to see me. We know her to be a brave girl. Did you see him enter the room? It is for you to decide. 3. 不定式的逻辑主语存在于不言自明的语境中 To talk with him is a great pleasure. (可能是 we, you 或 everybody) Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks. (we) It is wrong not to help others. (we, they 或 you) B. 不定式的时态 1. 不定式的一般式的行为常表示下列两种时间： * 如果作宾补，与谓语动词同时发生，如： I saw him go out. Would you help me to put things in order? * 其他情况多数发生在谓语动词后，如： I hope to see you again. He wanted to be an actor. 2. 不定式的完成式的行为发生在谓语动词之前，如： I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 3. 不定式的进行式的行为发与谓语动词同时发生，如： He seems to be recovering. C. 不定式的词性以及在句子中充当的成分 1. 名词性 主语： It is our duty to help you. 宾语： She decided to try again. 表语： Her job is to take care of the children. 2. 形容词性 定语：He is always the first one to get up. 3. 副词性 目的状语：He came here to see me yesterday. 结果状语：He is too excited to go to sleep. 形容词补足语：I am sorry to hear that. 三、转换实例 1. 不定式——名词从句 to talk with him is a great pleasure. ( 主语) --It is a great pleasure (that we can) talk with him. He hopes to be a sailor.（宾语） -- He hopes (that he can) be a sailor. My suggestion is to wait a little longger.（表语） -- My suggestion is (that we should) wait a little longger. The plan to finish the work in two weeks has been handed in. （同位语） -- The pl