第二章 科英语同普通英语的区别.ppt

The differences between scientific English and general English A: It appears that youve got the offer of a very good job.B: A wonderful job.A: Are you going to take it ?B: I dont think so. A: Why not?B: I dont want to. 特点：用词自由，句法简单，短句与省略句多，自然朴素，生活气息浓郁。 She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner. Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about. 那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格，一张坦率开诚的面容，一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落的柔顺眼睛，里边隐藏着无穷的心事，只有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。 －摘自《珍妮姑娘》（Jennie Gerhardt）,傅东华译. The range of a voltmeter may be extended by means of a series resistor called a multiplier as shown in Fig.2. The full scale reading of the meter alone may be 15volts.With the multiplier 250volts may be required to move the pointer to full-scale, 135 volts across the multiplier and 15volts across the meter. 特点：清晰、准确、精练、严密。 专业英语的语言结构特色： 一、大量使用名词化结构 二、广泛使用被动语句 三、非限定动词 四、后置定语 五、常用句型 六、长句 七、复合词与缩略词 八、部分否定 一、大量使用名词化结构More Nominalization Structures （一）大量使用名词化结构是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。Archimeds first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 （二）科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因此要尽量避免使用第一、二人称；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调接收和发射的客观事实，若该用谓语动词transmit and accept则着重其发射和接受的能力。 二、