化工四大化学(专业)空气动力学(课堂讲义).ppt

* (2) General black surfaces FIGURE 14.3 * q12 = net radiation between two surfaces A = area of either of two surfaces, chosen arbitrarily F = dimensionless geometric factor F :view factor or angle factor(角系数), depends upon the geometry of the two surfaces, their spatial relationship with each other, and the surface chosen for A. (14.25) * (14.26) If surface A1 is chosen for A If surface A2 is chosen (14.27) (14.28) Thus * 2. Nonblack surfaces (1) a small body that is not black surrounded by a black surface A1,T1 A2,T2 The net energy loss by surface A1 is (14.34) * But by A2F21=A1 Eq. (14.34) becomes (14.35) If surface A1 is gray, ε1 =α1 and (14.36) In general, for gray surfaces, (14.37) where F12 and F21 are the overall interchange factors and are functions of ε1 and ε2. (14.34) * (2) Two large parallel planes the total amount of radiation originating at surface 1 that is absorbed by surface 2 per unit area: * Some of the energy originating at surface 2, is reflected by surface 1 and returns to surface 2, where part of it is absorbed. The amount of this energy, per unit area, is * The total amount of energy absorbed by a unit area of surface 2 is Finally, get or * 14.6 COMBINED HEAT TRANSFER BY CONDUCTION-CONVECTION AND RADIATION assuming black surroundings, the total loss is, (14.44) Equation (14.44) is sometimes written (14.45) * (14.45) where hr is a radiation heat-transfer coefficient, defined by (14.46) (14.49) (14.48) (14.47) If (Tw – T) is very small, T can be replaced by Tw * CHAPTER 14Radiation Heat Transfer * Content 14.1 INTRODUCTION 14.2 EMISSION OF RADIATION 14.3 ABSORPTION OF RADIATION BY OPAQUE SOLIDS 14.4 RADIATION BETWEEN SURFACES ☆ 14.5 RADIATION TO SEMITRANSPARENT MATERIALS 14.6 COMBINED HEAT TRANSFER BY CONDUCTION-CONVECTION AND RADIATION * 14.2 EMISSION OF RADIATION 1. Wavelength of radiation 2. Emissive power 3. Blackbody radiation; emissivity 4. Emissivities of solids 5. Practical source of blackbody ra