青岛理工大学 电磁场与电磁波3.pptVIP

By using Stokes’ theorem, from the above equation, we obtain which is the differential form of Ampere’s circuital law in a medium. The magnetizing currents do not affect that the magnetic field lines are closed everywhere, hence, in medium the flux of the magnetic flux density through a closed surface is still zero, and the divergence of the magnetic flux density is zero everywhere, i.e. Since the magnetic field intensity is only related to the conducting current, the magnetic field intensity simplifies the calculation of the magnetic fields in medium. For most of the materials, the magnetization intensity M is proportional to the magnetic field intensity H, i.e. where ? m is called magnetic susceptibility（磁化率）, and it could be a positive or negative real number. Considering , we have Let , then ?r is called permeability （磁导率）, and it is usually expressed by the relative value as The relative permabilities of three kinds of magnetic materials Materials ?r Gold 0.9996 Silver 0.9998 Copper 0.9999 Materials ?r Aluminum 1.000021 Magnesium 1.000012 Titanium 1.000180 Materials ?r Nickel 250 Iron 4000 Mu-metal 105 Diamagnetic Ferromagnetic Paramagnetic Similar to the electrical properties of the dielectrics, the magnetic properties of the media can also be homogeneous or inhomogeneous, linear or non-linear, and isotropic or anisotropic. The permeability of an anisotropic medium has 9 components, and the relationship between B and H is For homogeneous, linear, and isotropic magnetic media, we have Because of , from Helmholtz’s theorem we obtain which satisfies the following differential equation The upper equation is the special solution of the lower equation. The above results show that for homogeneous, linear, and isotropic magnetic media, the equations in free space can be used, provided the permeability of vacuum ?0 is replaced by that of the med