大学雨果阅读课the bishop‘s candlesticks.pptVIP

The Bishop’s Candlesticks By Victor Hugo The writer-Victor Hugo in full Victor Marie Hugo 26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist who was the most well-known of all the French Romantic writers. In France, Hugos literary fame comes first from his poetry but also rests upon his novels and his dramatic achievements. Les Misérables (Les Miserables ) LesMisérables?(?/le???m?z??rɑ?b/)is an 1862 French novel by authorVictor Hugo?that is widely considered one of the greatest novels of the nineteenth century. The title is variously translated from the French as?The Miserable,?The Wretched,?The Poor Ones,?The Wretched Poor, or?The Victims. Beginning in 1815 and culminating（达到顶点） in the 1832?June Rebellion, the novel follows the lives and interactions of several characters, focusing on the struggles of ex-convict?Jean Valjean（冉阿让）?and his experience of redemption. Examining the nature of law and grace, the novel elaborates upon the?history of France, architecture of Paris, politics,?moral philosophy,?antimonarchism(反君主主义）, justice, religion, and the types and nature of?romantic?and familial love. The story is?historical fiction?because it contains factual and historic events. 《悲惨世界》 《悲惨世界》的主题是写人类与邪恶之间不懈的斗争，人类本性是纯洁善良的，将一同走向幸福，但要经过苦难的历程。书中穿插当时法国革命动乱的背景和拿破仑滑铁卢战役的描写，以及当时法国社会的很多细节都有论及，比如俚语，下水道和女修道院等情况，雨果在书中都分有独立章节描写。故事情节错综复杂，设计巧妙，跌宕起伏。雨果力图表现严刑峻法只能使人更加邪恶，应根据人道主义精神用道德感化的方法处理，他借主人公之口说道“最高的法律是良心”。他写道：“将来人们会把犯罪看作一种疾病，由一批特殊的医生来医治这种病。医院将取代监狱。” 为了这部书，雨果前后构思了40年，到晚年才完成。他自称这是“一部宗教作品”。 Main compositions 　　1827: 《克伦威尔》（Cromwell) (剧本) 　　1829：《东方诗集》（les Orientales) （诗） 　 1830：《欧那尼》 (Hernani) (戏本) 　　1831：《钟楼怪人》（《巴黎圣母院》Notre-Dame de Paris) （小说）The Hunchback of Notre-Dame 　　1838：《吕布拉》（Ruy Blas) （剧本） 　　1853：《惩罚集》 (les Chatiments) (诗) 　　1856：《沉思集》 (les Contemplations) （诗）The Contemplations 　　1862：《悲惨世界》（les Miserables) （小说） 　　1866：《海上劳工》（小说） 　　1869：《笑面人》 (L’Homme qui Rit) （小说） 　　1859-1883：《世纪传说》（la Legende des siecles) （诗） 　　1874：《九三年》 (Qu