州与地方政府绩效管理的策略与经验.pptVIP

顾客需求 赋予地方政府机构与行政人员更多权力来为顾客服务 机动车 公共收入支出 过度的消费 使用费（公平问题, parks） 垃圾 利用市场来解决问题 创造经济诱因，以解决公共服务问题 能源和节约用水 夏/冬季优惠计划 Create more problems ($47k per inmate in CA prison) 案例分析：洛杉矶市 Neighborhood Councils 社区理事会 鼓励公民积极参与，使政府能够更了解公民的需求 为市议会和市长献计 预警系统-社区理事会接到通知后，可以在市议会做出关于社区的相关决定之前，提出意见/建议 对社区问题举行听证会 向市议会和市长提交年度预算重点项目 通过邀请市政官员参加社区会议来达到监督市政服务 经验 简化规则和程序 提高绩效的同时可能会牺牲必要的监管 哪些规则和程序是多余或审批过度？ 政府存在的目的是提供市场不能/不愿提供的服务 市场原则可能弊大于利（效率与公平） 下放给员工更多的决策权 是否能以公众利益为导向？(价值观念为民服务信念) 外包 问责（管理外包合同的能力） Red light and speeding 政府的服务对象? 公共福利 州与地方政府绩效管理的策略与经验 Two Theories of Performance Management “Make-the-Managers-Manage” (competition) E.g., Markets works better than hierarchy “Let-the-Managers-Manage” (flexibility) Close to problems and know how to fix them if empowered 俄勒冈州 4 million residents, 98k square miles Initiated a series of strategic planning in the 1990s 3 overall goals Quality jobs for all Oregonians Safe, caring, and engaged communities Healthy and sustainable environments Created?the Oregon Benchmarks to measure progress in seven categories: Economy Education Civic engagement Social support Public safety Community development Natural environment State agencies have to develop performance measures Linked to policymaking and budgeting process (Yilin Hou, Robing Lunsform, Katy Sides, and Kelsey Jones, 2011. “State Performance-Based Budgeting in Boom and Bust Years: An Analytical Framework and Survey of the States,” Public Administration Review, 71 (May/June): 370-388 See /DAS/OPB/KPM_links.shtml Performance Measurements Performance Measurements Performance Measurements Performance Measurements Performance Measurements 弗吉尼亚州 8 million residents and 42,700 square miles One of the foremost PM states Created a web-based central PM database Citizens can get information on state/local government expenditures and revenues Citizens can compare budgets to actual spending and analyze government charge and transactions at the agency level and track individual charge items Strateg