criticl thinking阅读时的批判性思维.pptVIP

Critical Thinking;Text 1 Critical Thinking;Part II: (Paras. 5 – 6) Critical thinking is important. Para. 5: It’s important because we, as creatures, are deeply determined … by our thinking. Para. 6: Our future as a species is dependent on whether we can develop the wherewithal to raise our collective thinking so as to produce positive changes in societies across the world.;Part III: (Paras. 7 – 10): The task of developing critical societies is a Herculean one. Para. 7: topic sentence and background information. Paras. 8 -- 10: There are many barriers to critical thought. -- Para. 8: human egocentricity, sociocentricity, self-delusion, narrow-mindedness -- Para. 9: fear, human insecurity, human habits, bureaucracy;;Part IV (Paras. 11 – 15): How do we cultivate critical thinking? Paras. 11 and 12: This can be done only person-by-person through a process, which we call intellectual work. Think of the “Elements of Thought” ... Are we in the habit of asking questions? Paras. 13 – 15: What standards do you use to assess your thinking and the thinking of others? “I use the standards of clarity, accuracy, precision, relevance, depth, breadth, logic and fairness.”;;;What is “being critical”?; Being critical in academic terms refers to two broad characteristics of a researchers way of thinking. A critical researcher is always questioning. asking question / expressing doubts: nothing is taken for granted. scrutinizing evidence: Where there is a claim made, clarify the evidence that supports. drawing a conclusion: check if the claims in question are credible - or not! ;;;What do we mean by ‘critical’ in reading?;read between lines: thinking carefully about what you read and why: not just looking for and reading the obvious;be inquisitive: questioning and testing what you read, e.g. “do the author’s viewpoints and ideas appear justified? Why - or why not?” asking good questions of others and of yourself exploring further what is not adequately discu