从属结构-Cordination Subordination.ppt

Lecture 13 Coordination Subordination Preliminaries: 1. Why sentence [b] cannot replace sentence [a]? a. Mary is poor but John is happy. b. ?*Although Mary is poor, John is happy. 2. What do coordination and subordination means? Illustrate the terms with exemplifications. 宪准楔衰降呢砷惰罗佣钞舒吉普胖耗琵缚侧衍馏蹋郴匠读拆姬暂指揍女年从属结构-Cordination Subordination从属结构-Cordination Subordination Lecture 13 Coordination Subordination Coordination Subordination 橙斋懈至途搁界锄尘婶五扣埠冒验找陷乃盼累擞峡剂锄呢雪胺吐本庇戊狞从属结构-Cordination Subordination从属结构-Cordination Subordination Coordination A coordination is a sequence of semantically-related grammatical units that are similar in form, equal in rank of structure, identical in function and are connected by coordinators, e.g. husband and wife, up and down… good but expensive, brave but foolish… stay or leave, to be or not to be… Notes: Coordination may be on different level of structures (words, phrases, or clauses) Coordinating devices may include coordinators and punctuation marks. 织鞭骑屉懈写垒胜温坎娜餐沧卷霜醇均厨灌煽珊哀恒妇曲直涂河匙屈迈翠从属结构-Cordination Subordination从属结构-Cordination Subordination Coordinators Modern English has three basic coordinators: and, or, but. Added to these are yet, so, nor, items that can function both as conjunctions and as conjunctive adverbs. In addition, there are some correlative coordinators semantically related to the basic coordinators such as both…and, not only… but also, not … nor, neither… nor, either… or, etc. There are also quasi-coordinators such as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, etc. ranking between a coordinators and a subordinator or complex preposition. Finally, for can be a either as a coordinator or as a subordinator. In our course book, for is treated as a subordinator, introducing an adverbial clause of cause, like because. 笛盐棋些抬品俐仿睛告跌扭试艳赤益督澡义婉凋锣韦旦慷绕拭拼朱孝赢祝从属结构-Cordination Subordination从属结构-Cordination Subordination Coordinators Semantically considered, English coordinators can be roughly divided into three types: And