细胞自噬机制--2016年诺贝尔生理或医学奖.pdf

Scientific Background Discoveries of Mechanisms for Autophagy The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is a previously unknown membrane structure that de awarded to Yoshinori Ohsumi for his discoveries of Duve named the lysosome1,2. Comparative mechanisms for autophagy. Macroautophagy electron microscopy of purified lysosome-rich liver (“self-eating”, hereafter referred to as autophagy) is fractions and sectioned liver identified the an evolutionarily conserved process whereby the lysosome as a distinct cellular organelle3 . Christian eukaryotic cell can recycle part of its own content de Duve and Albert Claude, together with George by sequestering a portion of the cytoplasm in a Palade, were awarded the 1974 Nobel Prize in double-membrane vesicle that is delivered to the Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries lysosome for digestion. Unlike other cellular concerning the structure and functional degradation machineries, autophagy removes organization of the cell. long-lived proteins, large macro-molecular complexes and organelles that have become Soon after the discovery of the lysosome, obsolete or damaged. Autophagy mediates the researchers found that portions of the cytoplasm digestion and recycling of non-essential parts of the are sequestered into membranous structures cell during starvation and participates in a variety during normal kidney development in the mouse4 . of physiological processes where cellular Similar structure