论基本医疗卫生服务法律制度建设_黄清华.pdf

医院院长论坛 HOSPITAL DIRECTORS’ FORUM doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-1700.2013.03.294 论基本医疗卫生服务法律制度建设 中国综合开发研究院 黄清华 【摘要】公民在重病危难之时获得国家提供的基本医疗卫生服务，属于基本道德权利，这种 基本道德权利从政府的角度来看，就是基本道德义务；而且，随着《公民经济、社会和文化 权利国际公约》确认缔约国在尊重、实现和保护公民健康权方面，有满足最起码的和最低水 平的健康保障的核心义务，我国在立法上确保人人有权获得基本医疗卫生服务，将这种基本 道德权利上升为法律权利，成为必然要求。为此，应当制定“基本医疗卫生服务法”，建立 基本医疗卫生服务的普遍保障、医疗保险加国家救助、基本保障、倾斜保护、公益性和民主 管理等六项基本法律制度；相关的具体制度建设、变革和创新，则可随着社会条件和需求的 变化，作适度调整。文章参考国际和外国大量立法、案例和理论作了必要探讨。 【关键词】基本医疗卫生制度；法律制度；基本医疗卫生服务；道德权利；法律权利 On the Construction of Basic Healthcare Legal System in China Huang Qinghua, China Development Institute 【 Abstract 】 It is a citizen’s basic moral right to obtain basic healthcare service provided by the state when he (she) is in serious conditions. This basic moral right, from the perspective of the government, is the basic moral obligation; moreover, it is an inevitable requirement for Chinese government, through the legislation of healthcare, to ensure that everyone has the right to access to basic healthcare, by which the basic moral right may become a basic legal right, because as a contracting party to the International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of Citizens, China has the core obligation to satisfy the most basic and minimum level of health security of its citizens in respecting, fulfilling and protecting the right to health. To this end, it is suggested, through the formulation of the Basic Healthcare Act, to establish six basic legal systems on basic healthcare, including universal guarantee, medical insurance and state aid, the basic security, tilt protection, public welfare, and democratic management, under which the construction, change and innovation of specific systems, can make appropriate adjustments with the changes in social condition