American Legal System刘明菁.pptVIP

American Legal System 演示： 刘明菁 Separate Jurisdiction Legal system When circumstances change, the highestcourt is not bound to follow its own precedent General pattern Small matters Big matters * * State law system(州法律体系) Federal law system（联邦法律体系） In all courts, both state and federal, the basic system of low has been develop from English, and this means that we must begin with Commom Law. Common Law:普通法系，习惯法， 也称为英美法系或海洋法系，与欧陆法 系并称为世界两大法系。其特点是多采 用不成文法，尤其是判例法。强调遵循 先例原则。 When there is no statue law to define the rights of a case, the judge decides acording to what seems to be right, but is guided by precedent----- that is, by previous decisions of courts in analogous cases. 水管旁的牌子上写着：有色人种专用。 1957年9月初，美国阿肯色 州小石城地方法院根据1954 年最高法院关于取消公立学 校中种族隔离的决定，宣布 该市公立中心中学接纳9名黑 人学生入学。白人种族主义 分子激烈反对这一决定。 9月2日，该州州长福布斯以 “防暴”为名派出国民警卫队 前往阻止黑人学生入学 Federal system All the federal judges are appointed by the President and hold their offices with secure tenure. Corresponding with the federal jurisdiction there is Federal police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation. In particular, it has sometimes happened that the state and local authorities have failed to take action against people in respect of some kinds of ordinary crimes. Justices of peace or magistrates Moderate fines or short terms of imprisonment in a local jail. District courts or superior courts