语法-独立结构分析.pptVIP

1. PPT 2. 20个句子练习 3. TEST 24 P.344 TEST 25 P. 358 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 独立主格 独立主格结构，又叫独立结构（absolute construction）。它在句法上游离于句子主体之外，跟主句没有任何句法联系；但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起，共同构成一个完整的语义环境。 独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。 独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。 独立主格结构的构成形式 1、逻辑主语＋v-ing 2、逻辑主语＋v-ed 3、逻辑主语＋形容词（副词） 4、逻辑主语＋不定式 5、逻辑主语＋介词短语 6、With 的复合结构 1. 老人沿着街道走,手里拄着拐杖. 2. 她看着我，眼里满含泪水. 3. 老师在看书,她的房门开着. 4. 这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。 5. 那位猎人走进了树林,手里提着枪。 1. The old man walked along the street, his hand holding a stick. 2. She looked at me, her eyes filled with tears. 3. The teacher was reading a book, her door open. 4. Here are the first two volumes，the third one to come out next month． 5. The huntsman entered the forest，gun in hand． 分词的独立主格 　在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致。如果不一致的话，分词前面可以带有自己的逻辑主语（名词或代词），构成分词的独立结构（或称为带逻辑主语的分词结构）。分词独立结构可表示伴随情况、陪衬动作、附加说明以及表示时间、原因、条件等。 1.“逻辑主语＋v-ing”表主动意义 1表条件 e.g. Advice failing (=If advice fails), we have to use force. 2表原因 e.g. Nobody having any more to say (=since nobody had any more to say), the meeting was closed quickly. 3表伴随状况 e.g. She walked along the path, her son following close behind (=and her son followed close behind.) 2.“逻辑主语＋ v-ed”表被动意义 1表时间 e.g. The test finished (When the test was finished), we began our holiday. 2表条件 e.g. All taken into consideration (If all is considered), his plan seems to be more workable. 3表原因 e.g. All my savings gone (=since all my savings were gone), I started looking for jobs. 4表伴随状况 e.g. He returned four days later, his face covered with mud. (=and his face was covered with mud). 真题 Time ______, the celebration will be held as scheduled.(2003-48) A. permit B. permitting C. permitted D. permits B 3.“逻辑主语＋分词的完成式或完成被动式” 表示先完成的主动意义或先完成的被动意义 e.g. The moon having risen, they took a walk in the garden. e.g. So much money (having been) wasted, Ted will be punished. 4. “there + being+其他成分”的独立主格结构作状语 （there be的非谓语详解见后） 该结构多放于句首，也可放于句尾，其中的being不可省略。 e.g. There being nothing