第二章 初中英语语态.docVIP

1.语态： 　①英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态　 　　主动语态表示是动作的执行者 　　被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者　 Cats 　eat 　fish. 　　　（主动语态）猫吃鱼。 　 Fish is eaten by cats.　(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。 ②被动语态的构成 　　由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成 　　助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。 时态 被动语态结构 例句 一般现在 时 am are +过去分词 is English is spoken in many countries. 一般过去 时 was +过去分词 were + 过去分词 This bridge was built in 1989. 情 态 动 词 can/should may +be+过去分词 must/…… The work must be done right now. ③被动语态的用法 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 被动语态 (1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。 (2). 被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词 (如果是不用物动词，其过去分词应带有相应的介词) (3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。 一般现在时被动语态为：am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时被动语态为：was/were+ 过去分词 与情态动词连用的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词 (4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语，放在句 末，by 表示“由，被”的意思 如何理解被动语态？ 为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义，可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。 主动语态： 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分 被动语态： 主语+ be +过去分词 + by +宾语 +其他成分 如： Many people speak English. 被动语态 English is spoken by many people. 1.不及物动词无被动语态。 The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。这些动词主语以物居多，谓语动词一般表示主语的性质和特征。这类动词有许多，如: write, break, sell等。 This pen writes well. This new book sells well. 3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。 smell,sound,taste,fell等。使役动词有let,make,have,help,hear,see,watch,notise,look,listen,read,promise(期望，预想)，turn out(证实)，take place(发生). 例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. His mother gave him a present for his birthday.→ He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 窗体底端 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. →A