商务英语原版本名词解释汇总-马帅萍-秦璐整理.docVIP

A aesthetics: What a culture considers “good taste” in the arts, the imagery evoked by certain expressions, and the symbolism of certain colors. attitudes: Positive or negative evaluations, feelings, and tendencies that individuals harbor toward objects or concepts. antitrust (antimonopoly) laws: Laws designed to prevent companies from fixing prices, sharing markets, and gaining unfair monopoly advantages. B berne convention: International treaty that protects copyrights. body language: Language communicated through unspoken cues, including hand gestures, facial expressions, physical greetings, eye contact, and the manipulation of personal space. brain drain: Departure of highly educated people from one profession, geographic region, or nation to another. C capitalism: Belief that ownership of the means of production belongs in the hands of individuals and private businesses. carbon footprint: Environmental impact of greenhouse gases (measured in units of carbon dioxide) that result from human activity. chains of command: Lines of authority that run from top management to individual employees and specify internal reporting relationships. caste System: System of social stratification in which people are born into a social ranking, or caste, with no opportunity for social mobility. class System: System of social stratification in which personal ability and actions determine social status and mobility. communication: System of conveying thoughts, feelings, knowledge, and information through speech, writing, and actions. culture: Set of values, beliefs, rules, and institutions held by a specific group of people. culture Diffusion: Process whereby cultural traits spread from one culture to another. culture Imperialism: Replacement of one culture’s traditions, folk heroes, and artifacts with substitutes from another. culture Literacy: Detailed knowledge about a culture that enables a person to function effectively within it. culture Trait: Anything that represents a cul