翻译之虚拟语气.docVIP

虚拟语气 第一种:由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子 . 与现在的事实相反[If --- + 过去式（be一般用were）---, --- + would do---] If I were you , I would marry him. 如果我是你,就会嫁给他。 . 与过去的事实相反[If --- + had +过去分词---, --- +would have done---] If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam. 如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。 . 与将来的事实可能相反[If ---+ should +动原/wereto+动原/过去式---, ---+ would do---] If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ? 如果明天下雨,你怎么办? 【真题】Linda __________________________________(不可能收到我的电子邮件)；otherwise, she would have replied.（2011,12） Couldn’t have received my email 【真题】You would not have failed if you _______________________________(按照我的指令去做).（2009,12） You had followed my orders. 解析：考点是虚拟语气。 【真题】If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary______________________________________ (就不会被大雨淋湿了). wouldn’t have been caught in the heavy rain . 解析：考点是虚拟语气、词汇。 【真题】If the reaction were to take place,____________________released.(巨大的能量就会被释放出来) Tremendous amounts of energy would 第二种: 用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中 从句谓语形式为“---(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。 类似用法的动词有 insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。 【CET-4:2006.6】The?professor?required?that?__________________(我们交研究报告)。?? ??参考答案：we?hand?in?our?research?report(s)? 【真题】They requested that_______________(我借的书还回图书馆)by next Friday.【2010，12】 books I borrowed （should） be returned to the library / I （should） return the book I borrowed to the library 解析：①request的用法。request v. 要求；当request表示“要求”时，引导的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，即 （should）+ 动词原形。②定语从句。“我借的书”， the book （that） I borrowed；③单词的拼写。归还 return， 借 borrow，图书馆 library ④本题提供了两个版本的答案，但在表示“规定，规则”时，被动语态更为常用。 第三种: 用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , i