英语国家概况UNITE 的7.ppt

UNITE 7;The Legal System;First , Let’s learn the part1!; The Court Structure; 2)The current national court structure in the United States ,from bottom to top ,includes ①district court ②courts of appeals ③one supreme court ;3)There are currently ninety-four district courts , Each state has at least one district court , and there is one in the District of Columbia and one in Puerto Rico . Large states have more than one;4)There may be one or more judges at each district court. 5)Appealed case will normally go to a US court of appeals in one of eleven judicial circuits in the country.;6)District courts are courts of original jurisdiction , and so , if one violates a federal law , he will be charged in a district court . there are the only national courts that use grand juries and petit juries.;7)There courts have only appellate jurisdiction .They do not use juries , and they have from one to nine judges , all appointed for life by the president with the consent of the Senate.;8)At the top of the hierarchy ,is the Supreme Court , whose jurisdiction is both original and appellate. 9)Whether in national or state courts , decide case ; hey do not prosecute people.;10)Most,states have a hierarchical system as well , ranging from lower courts to a state supreme court . There courts try civil and criminal cases in which state laws are violated.;11)Nearly all cases involving ①dispute about property ②divorce ③murder ④theft ⑤assault or traffic offence are dealt with by the relevant state’s hierarchy of city;12)The national/federal courts are involved only in matters outside the individual state’s jurisdiction (such as federal income tax) and in cases arising under the U.S. Constitution.;13)The U.S. legal system is based on Common Law , brought over from England , and on the laws and ordinances passed by state legislatures and by other bodies to which state power has been delegate. 14)Anglo-American Common Law is based on the supposedly reasonable person’s view of what is ri