第三章 10 Template.pdfVIP

模板 Tempalte Why Templates? • 泛型编程的需要。 设想你对整数类型实现了一个排序算法： void sort(int *is,int n); 用该函数可以对实、复数或工资单排序吗？ •• 模板可以复用源代码模板可以复用源代码--泛型编程泛型编程. . inline void Swap( int x, int y){ int t = x; x = y; y =t; } inline void Swap(double x, double y){ double t = x; x = y; y =t; } Why Templates? void f(){ int a=3,b = 5; double x= 2.4 ，y= 9 ； char c =‘C’,, e = ‘L’; Swap(Swap(a,ba,b);); Swap(x,y); Swap(c,e); //错！ } Function Templates inline void Swap(double x, double y){ double t = x; x = y; y =t; } templatetemplate class class TT 模板头模板头 void Swap( Tx, Ty){ Tt = x; x = y; y =t; } Function Templates struct student{ string name; int age; }; voidvoid f(){f(){ string s1(“Li”),s2(“Wang”); student stu1,stu2; swap(s1,s2); swap(stu1,stu2); } Function Templates • The format for declaring a function template is: template class T 模板头 void Swap( Tx, Ty){ Tt = x; x = y; y =t; } Function Templates • To invoke a function template, we use: Function Templates • It is also possible to invoke a function template without giving an explicit type. 模板类型参数可以从 实际参数类型推断出来。 Function Templates • Templates can also specify more than one type parameter. For example: Class templates • Class templates are also possible, in much the same way we have written function templates: #include iostream using namespace std; template typename T class Point { private: private: T x, y;T x, y; publicpublic:: Point(const T u, const T v) : x(u), y(v) {