针对警察刑事交易制度的简要分析———法国模式及其中国化改造.docVIP

针对警察刑事交易制度的简要分析———法国模式及其中国化改造 ? ? ? ?2017 年，法国创设性地引入了由司法警官主导的刑事交易制度，引发了诸多关注和质疑。刑事交易制度授权司法警官在公诉启动前就公诉事项与涉案自然人及法人进行交易，是诉讼效率最大化的设计，但也最容易损及程序正义及相关当事人的权利。刑事交易与刑事调解最大的差别在于适用范围、适用阶段以及适用主体。刑事交易制度主要适用于1年及以下有期徒刑的轻罪以及违警罪，主要由司法警官主导，可以在无律师的情况下进行。如果交易成功，则公诉权归于消灭。从法国刑事交易制度的性质定位来看，该程序属于公诉替代程序抑或警察处罚程序，理论界及实务界均有不同声音。 中国刑事诉讼时下正面临诉讼周期冗长、案多人少矛盾突出以及被害人求偿率较低等严重问题，政法系统的工作人员普遍不堪重负，仅靠加强司法资源投入在相当长的时间内不可能也不太现实，唯有寻求更多元化的程序分流机制。在考虑借鉴经验与制度移植时，有三个层次的问题尤其值得关注：其一，警察刑事交易制度本身所存在的问题;其二，中国制度环境对警察刑事交易制度的制约因素;其三，警察刑事交易制度对中国刑事诉讼可能的效率提升。 可考虑在3 年及以下有期徒刑的案件中引入警察刑事交易制度。犯罪嫌疑人只要自愿、理智认罪，并签署《刑事交易协议》便可享受量刑折扣，并由此简化公诉及审判程序。警察刑事交易制度可作为中国时下所推行的“认罪认罚从宽”的一种重要程序机制。 daily morning exercises or class-break setting-up exercise and discipline inspection and appraisal of public signs;2, daily cleaning and inspection;3, the daily student school appearance, dress, wearing school card check;4, the daily duty guide to the leadership class discipline three rounds.Weekly moral education work:L, the flag raising ceremony and the national flag speech under the flag raising ceremony held on Monday;2, every week a class meeting, the meeting;3, every week two exercises, cleaning and hygiene, behavior norms, attendance situation published cloth appraisal, and the issue of the code of conduct;;4, weekly work week.Monthly moral education work:1, at least once a month, the theme of education activities, to patriotism education, behavior norms of education as the focus, combined with major retreat day.2, the monthly class quantization assessment and class teacher assessment, selection of behavior for the standard model class.Moral education in each term:1, at the end of each semester to form three good student, outstanding student cadres, civilized student.2, at least once a semester, parents will be.,Student etiquette conventionA, the school leavers1, dress neatly to wear school card, step posture correct, full of spirit; cycling of the same students, at the school gate and get off, go to the car line of the school; are not allowed to ride a