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两个常考虚拟语气句型 一、句型介绍 这两个句型是If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…，这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型，也经常受到命题人的青睐，其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是有”。如： If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。 You wouldn’t be anywhere if it weren’t for?Ruth. 若不是有鲁思你不会有任何成就。 If it hadn’t been for the doctor, he would have died. 要不是医生救了他，他就会死了。 If it hadn’t been for Mary, I might not have understood. 要不是有玛丽，我可能还不理解。二、与but for, without等替换 这两个句型有时可用but for, without等替换。如： 要不是有你帮忙，我们是不会成功的。 If it hadn’t been for your assistance we wouldn’t have succeeded. =But for your assistance we wouldn’t have succeeded. =Without your assistance we wouldn’t have succeeded.三、时间上的同与异 原则上说，if it weren’t [wasn’t] for 用于谈论现在的情况，而if it hadn’t been for 用于谈论过去的情况。但实际上if it weren’t [wasn’t] for有时也可用于谈论过去的情况： If it weren’t for their help, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. 要不是他们帮助，这些困难我们是克服不了的。 ? 一、省略连词if 有时可将条件从句的连词if省略，但此时应用句型，即将从句中的were, should, had 等提到句首： Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。 I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我会去的。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 【注】① 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t而置于句首。 ② 有时if后提前的had不是助动词： Had I time, I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…)二、省略条件句的主语和其后的动词be 若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略： If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. 要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)三、省略“it+be” If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you. 如果需要的话我会派更多的民工去帮你。(=If it was necessary, I would…)四、省略整个条件从句 这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，即后，所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的： I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以亲自去看她，这样好一些。(=…If I saw her personally, it would be better.) wish 一、用法说明 动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。如： I wish I were not so busy. 但愿我不那样忙碌。 I wish I were [was] better looking. 要是我长得漂亮些就好了。 She wished she had stayed at home. 她后悔的是她当时要是留