第8篇 数据库保护_1.pdfVIP

Chapter 8 Database Protection Chapter 8 - Objectives Basic Concepts of transactions. Concepts of transactions Properties of transactions. Statements of defining transactions in SQL. Concurrency control technologies. Problems caused by concurrency. Locking technique of concurrency control. Deadlock and how it can be resolved. Meaning of serializability . 2PL and How 2PL can ensure serializability. Chapter 8 - Objectives Database backup and recovery Kinds of database failures. Purpose of data backup files and log file. How to recover database failures. Introduction to database mirror technique. 8.1 Basic Concepts of Transactions Transaction (事务) a sequence of operations to database that are either done completely or not at all. Transactions are used in integrity control, concurrency control and database recovery. Two Outcomes of Transactions Transaction can have one of two outcomes: Success - transaction commits if all operations in a transaction are successful. All changes made by a transaction to database will be saved to database, making database reach a new consistent state. Failure - transaction aborts if any operation is failed in a transaction. Any change made by a transaction is rolled back or undone and database be restored to consistent state before it started. Why Introduce Transactions in Database Example: Transfer money from one account to another in bank. Need two database operations. (1). UPDATE account SET total=total-1000 WHERE accountnum=‘00001’; Success (2). UPDATE accoun