关节学-中南大学课件.pptVIP

Arthrology Xuegang Luo * Department of Anatomy Neurobiology Xiangya School of Medicine, CSU P I. General Description Archimedes said: Give me a place to stand and I will move the earth. R F 1. Classification of Levers in Movement 1. First class 2. Second class 3. Third class Atlantooccipital Elbow Ankle Articulation（joints） Synarthrosis（immovable articulation） 直接连接（不动关节） Diarthrosis（movable articulation） 间接连接（可动关节） Fibrous joints 纤维连结 Cartilaginous joints 软骨连结 Osseous joints 骨性连结 Synovial joints 滑膜关节 2. Classification of the Joint 骨连结（关节） 1. Fibrous Joints Bones held closely together by fibrous connective tissue II. Synarthrosis Interosseous membrane of leg 2. Cartilaginous Joints Bones tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage Intervertebral disc Pubic symphysis Epiphyseal plate 3. Osseous joints Bones tightly connected by bony tissue Fibrous Joints Cartilaginous Joints Osseous joints III. Synovial Joints Synovial cavity separates articulating bones Freely moveable (diarthrosis) Articular Surface Articular Capsule Articular Cavity 1. Essential Structure: 1.1 Articular Surface Articular Cartilage reduces friction absorbs shock Male/Female Area difference 1.2 Articular Capsule Surrounds joint Two layers: Fibrous membrane Synovial membrane 1.3 Articular Cavity Magdeburg Hemispheres Surrounded by synovial membrane and articular cartilage Potential space Synovial fluid filled Negative to the atmosphere pressure Example of Synovial Joint 2. The accessory structure Ligaments Articular discs or labrum Synovial fold bursa Intracapsular ligaments within capsule 2.1 Ligaments Extracapsular ligaments outside joint capsule 2.2 Articular discs Attached around edges to capsule Make the articular surfaces fitting with each other Diminish the shock of the joint Prolapsed disc Annulus fibrosus Nucl