托福听力背景就该这么学-寄生虫疫苗-智课教育旗下智课教育.pdfVIP

智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料 托福听力背景就该这么学-寄生虫疫苗-智课教育旗下智 课教育 本文为大家整理的是托福听力背景材料的分析，大家可以参考一下 ，在备考时注意这些要点的灵活运用，相信会有所收获。 今天智课教育小编为大家分享的是托福听力的背景学习。备考托福 听力就要把听力文本吃透分析彻底。这样不仅能积累背景材料，还能把 听力的专业词汇积累起来一块背诵，为托托福听力打下坚实的基础。下 面跟小编一起看一下寄生虫疫苗这篇文章吧! An experimental leishmaniasis vaccine relies on eliciting an immune response to a protein from the saliva of the sand fly that carries the leishmania parasite, rather than on anything from the parasite itself. Cynthia Graber reports Leishmaniasis is a sometimes fatal disease marked by skin ulcers, fever, and spleen and liver problems. It currently affects about 12 million people, mostly in the developing world, with about 2 million new infections annually. It’s caused by a parasite, which is spread by sand flies. There is not yet a good vaccine against leishmaniasis. But researchers have shown that it may be worthwhile to target not the parasite—but its fly host. The report good results in non-human primates in the journal Science Translational Medicine. Vaccines usually trigger our immune systems to rally against a pathogenic agent. If that agent should actually show up, the immune system can disarm it. But in this case, scientists aimed at the carrier—the sand fly. When an infected fly bites a victim, it injects parasites and its own saliva. So the researchers subjected monkeys to repeated bites from uninfected sand flies, then to bites from infected sand flies. And the monkeys bitten first by uninfected flies were partially protected when confronted with the leishmaniasis parasite. Seems that exposure to fly saliva alone could elicit an immune response. The researchers then determined that one particular protein in the sand fly’s saliva kicked the immune system into action. A vaccine based on that protein offered partial protection, with 7 of 10 monkeys that got it developing smaller ulcers and a stronger immune response than their unv