词汇学 Morpheme 6 Sep 2010.pptVIP

Where do English words come from? The historical sources of English word formation Germanic, Romance and Greek vocabulary -English is historically a Germanic language, related to Swedish, Dutch, German and other languages of that group. -How did English come to have so many words of Latinate origin in it? (see map) -The accidents of history have forced English into very intimate contact with several other European languages (the concept of travel). A brief history of England, as relevant to the English vocabulary 600-1000 AD: Old English 1100-1400 AD: Middle English 1500-1750 AD: Early modern English 1750-present: Modern English Question: How did English get to England 55 BC-600 AD: How the English came to England The primary inhabitants of British isles were Celts, they spoke Celtic languages (Welsh, Manx, Gaelic, and Briton) 55 BC, Romans invading (see map) (Christianity) 449 AD: Germanic tribes-Jutes, Saxons, and Angles invading (see map) 600 AD Germanic tribes controlled Britain The southern part of Britain, ruled by the Germanic invaders came to be called by the name of one of the tribes: Angle-land, or England. 600-900 AD: the English and the Vikings 790-880 AD, England was repeatedly raided by Scandinavian Vikings (Norseman, or Danse) 871-899 AD, King Alfred defeated the Vikings and restore the Old English. Loanwords from Vikings (/h/, daughter, /s/, shirt) 1066-1200 AD: Norman rule 1070 AD, Duke William of Normandy, France controlled England, known as William the Conqueror For the next 150 years, Norman French ruled England 1200-1450 AD: Anglicization of the Normans The Norman French borrowings: 10,000 French words entered English during this period. Parliament, minister, territory, counsellor, council, people, power, sovereign, duke, royal 1450-1600 AD: The English Renaissance Renaissance: from French re-, “again”, and naissance, “birth”. Newton and his Principia Mathematica John Milton and John Donne also wrote in Latin. English borrowing f