细胞分化与基因表达调控,癌细胞肿瘤干细胞.pptVIP

控制mRNA在细胞质定位的信息位于3’UTR，而且是由能识别mRNA中定位序列的蛋白质所介导的，微管和微丝与细胞中特定部位的mRNA的聚集有一定关系。但基因表达调控如何指导生物体的发育过程仍有大量的奥秘需要解读！ 成虫盘是一些初级分化的细胞群，在幼虫变态过程中，不同的成虫盘发育为成虫的不同器官，如腿、翅和触角等。 * GAL4 driven ectopic expression of ey induces the formation of eye structures in various tissues. The sites at which ectopic eyes form correspond to the regions in the imaginal discs, in which GAL4 is expressed as assayed by the activation of a LacZ reporter construct (Fig. 1, B. C, and D). The ectopic eye structures show ommatidial arrays, interommatidial bristles, and red pigmentation (29). (A) Cuticle of an adult head in which both antennae formed eye structures. (B) Dissected wing with a large outgrowth of eye tissue. The ectopic eye contains about 350 facets. Many interommatidial bristles are also apparent. The normal eye contains approximately 800 ommatidia. The wing is reduced in size. The anterior margin with its characteristic triple row of bristles occupies most of the circumference, whereas the more posterior structures are absent and replaced by eye tissue. The characteristic venation pattern of the wing is disturbed by the formation of the ectopic eye structures. (C) Dissected antenna in which most of the third antenna segment is replaced by eye structures. (D) Dissected middle leg with an eye-outgrowth on the base of the tibia. Distribution of germ plasm during cleavage of (A) normal and (B) centrifuged zygotes of Parascaris. (A) The germ plasm is normally conserved in the most vegetal blastomere, as shown by the lack of chromosomal diminution in that particular cell. Thus, at the 4-cell stage, the embryo has one stem cell for its gametes. (B) When the first cleavage is displaced 90 degrees by centrifugation, both resulting cells have vegetal germ plasm, and neither cell undergoes chromosome diminution. After the second cleavage, these two cells give rise to germinal stem cells. Temperature-dependent sex determination in three reptile species: the American alligator (Alligator mississippi